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Cardiac and skeletal muscle, harboring the highest concentrations, cannot synthesize carnitine and so must acquire carnitine from plasma

Acetyl-L-carnitine administration increases insulin-like growth factor 1 levels in asymptomatic HIV-1-infected subjects: correlation with its suppressive effect on lymphocyte apoptosis and ceramide generation

A landmark study published in Nature Medicine (Koeth et al., 2013) demonstrated that gut bacteria metabolise L-carnitine into trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a compound associated with atherosclerosis in animal and observational human studies

L-carnitine is a naturally occurring substance in the human body that supports the conversion of fatty acids into energy